…The increasing prevalence of refractory angina reflects population ageing and improved survival among patients with CAD following advances in anti ischaemic treatment and coronary revascularization…

…the heart cannot provide blood flow commensurate with the body’s requirements, or can do so only at the expense of abnormally high filling pressures…

…paracentesis 1. Scan the left lower quadrant. Confirm at least 2–3 cm of free fluid depth with no bowel in the path of the…

…1 and step 2 Refractory status: contact anaesthesia, intensive care and neurology; intubate as needed and start anaesthetic treatment with EEG After clinical cessation of…

…role of sensitized sensory nerve endings and afferent neural pathways in causing chronic refractory cough, akin to chronic neuropathic pain. This syndrome presents with a…

…haemodynamic instability and represents approximately 5–10% of cases. Intermediate high risk PE occurs in haemodynamically stable patients with both RV dysfunction on imaging and…

…most frequent form of CA worldwide [15]. Clinical Presentation and Course Both AL and ATTR CA typically present as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction…

…1 ) it encounters a refractory right bundle branch and therefore the impulse is conducted with right bundle branch block morphology. This is an example of…

…during the refractory period. Figure 6. Tachyarrhythmia with ventricular pacing. Failure to capture Definition : pacing does not result in myocardial activation. Two types of failure…

…corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators and nebulised adrenaline never replace intramuscular adrenaline [1,2]. Delayed administration of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions…