…Some data sources also monitor sudden cardiac arrest. The EuReCA registry includes resuscitation data from 27 European nations and the Get With the Guidelines Resuscitation…

…mmHg should receive both lifestyle and antihypertensive drug therapy. For grade 1 hypertension, pharmacological treatment has demonstrated cardiovascular benefit, although in younger individuals with low…

…maximally tolerated statin therapy and ezetimibe. For patients with a recurrent atherothrombotic event while receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy, an LDL C goal below 1…

…the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before ventricular contraction commences. To coordinate these two tasks, the heart has an electrical conduction system composed of…

…the left ventricle receives the depolarizing impulse from the right ventricle (where the pacemaker delivers the pulses). The depolarizing wave spreads outside the conduction system…

…with severe acute heart failure who receive levosimendan should be monitored invasively (e.g. arterial line, PiCCO, central venous catheter). The hemodynamic effects persist for…

…muscle rupture. The risk of rupture is greater for the posteromedial papillary muscle, which only receives blood supply from one coronary artery (Coronary arteries). Chronic…

…artery (LCX), whereas the posteromedial papillary muscle receives blood supply from either LCX or the right coronary artery (RCA). For details, refer to chapter The…

…if the initial rhythm is asystole or PEA. Most current protocols for ECMO exclude patients presenting with asystole or PEA. Duration of cardiac arrest : In…

…dominant system. Bundle branch blocks Bundle branch blocks may be caused by ischemia/infarction. A new bundle branch block in a patient presenting with chest…

…the cases. As compared with the right ventricle, the left ventricle contracts against much greater resistance (i.e. the pressure in the systemic circulation), and…

…waves. The transducer is held with one hand and its position and angle are adjusted to send ultrasound waves through structures to be visualized. Ultrasound…

…The direct evidence for exactly one hour in neutropenic fever is limited, but delayed antibiotics are associated with a worse outcome in sepsis and in…

…and incompletely absorbed after oral administration, with systemic bioavailability ranging from 25% to 65% and minimal hepatic first pass extraction. Following a single oral dose…

…factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Preeclampsia Preterm delivery Gestational diabetes Small for gestational age…

…evidence for anti inflammatory treatment in coronary disease has principally involved two populations: Patients recently recovering from myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Patients with…

…The second vector: the ventricular (interventricular) septum The ventricular septum receives Purkinje fibers from the left bundle branch and therefore depolarization proceeds from its left…

…sensitivity of 72.2% for predicting an unfavorable neurological outcome, indicating that the test failed to identify 27.8% of individuals with poor neurological recovery…

…well equipped centers and is generally reserved for meticulously selected cases. Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) encompasses several extracorporeal systems designed to assist in cases of…

…trend towards increased use of cardiac devices in general, it is crucial to be familiar with these devices. This section is devoted to artificial pacemakers…

…Most echocardiographic parameters vary with age, gender and body size (see Normal values for echocardiography). Moreover, the ultrasound system performs several calculates based on these…

…sinoatrial pause (sinus pause/arrest): ECG characteristics & clinical implications A sinoatrial arrest occurs when the sinoatrial node does not discharge an impulse for ≥2 seconds…

…blockers) without the risk of worsening the bradycardia. Persons with sick sinus syndrome should receive an artificial pacemaker to reduce symptoms and increase function. However…