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Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

CPR It is commonly stated that approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests are caused by acute or chronic coronary artery disease, with the latter being…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…coffee ground vomiting or melaena. Haematochezia can occur in massive upper bleeding with rapid intestinal transit. Coffee ground vomiting is less specific than fresh haematemesis…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…underlying pathophysiology varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral, bacterial, protozoal…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…Lathundar About this quick reference Treatment protocols differ between regions. Always follow the local protocol for exact infusion rates, electrolyte concentrations and level of care…

Exercise stress test (exercise ECG): protocols, evaluation & termination

…protocols & equipment: cycle ergometer (bicycle) vs. treadmill The choice of exercise equipment and protocol depends mainly on local traditions. The treadmill and cycle ergometer (bicycle)…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…laboratory may differ between Swedish regions. Always follow the local PCI and thrombolysis protocol where it specifies another approved regimen. The first 10 minutes 1…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…circulation and underlying disease are monitored [3]. The management of complicated withdrawal varies between regions and units. Follow the local protocol for choice of drug…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…doses and include an initial high dose phase. Follow FASS (the Swedish medicines compendium) and the local protocol. See the pulmonary embolism quick reference for…

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