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Second-degree AV block: Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach) & Mobitz type 2 block

…to AV Blocks). Second degree AV block is defined by the intermittent failure of atrial impulses to conduct to the ventricles, resulting in some P…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…their duration. Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…decades. Intimal thickening may be present during the second and third decades of life, while clinical manifestations commonly emerge much later. Despite this prolonged course…

Sinoatrial block (SA block): ECG criteria, causes and clinical features

…Figure 3. Several cases of type 2 second degree sinoatrial block. Third degree sinoatrial (SA) block Third degree sinoatrial block implies that no impulses are…

ECG interpretation method, adults

…Second degree AV block, Mobitz I (Wenckebach): repeated episodes with progressive lengthening of the PR interval until an atrial beat is blocked (the QRS complex…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

Procedurer Transcutaneous pacing takes seconds to start and can keep a patient alive until a transvenous lead is in place — but only if it is…

🟠 Inotropes and Vasopressors

…Hypertension (especially nonselective β blocker patients) Prolonged use may be cardiotoxic. Epinephrine Shock (any) Cardiac arrest Bronchospasm Anaphylaxis Bradycardia (second line alternative) Infusion : 0.01…

🟠 Vernakalant (Brinavess)

…Prolonged QT at baseline (uncorrected 440 ms), or severe bradycardia, sinus node dysfunction or second degree and third degree heart block in the absence of…

ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome

…Brugada syndrome reminds somewhat of right bundle branch block (RBBB) in leads V1–V3, but the QRS duration is not prolonged in leads V5–V6…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…seconds but slightly prolonged. aVL shows qR complex. V5–V6 usually also shows qR complexes. Leads II, III and aVF display rS complexes. Causes of…

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