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Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Thromboembolism Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a profound driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality…

Quiz: ECG in athletes

…lead V1 and qRS pattern in V6 with QRS duration <120 ms) D: Profound sinus bradycardia (<30 beats/min or sinus pauses ≥3 s) Explanation…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to induce cardiac arrest or cause profound cardiopulmonary depression. Table 1 delineates substances for…

Digoxin - ECG changes, arrhythmias, conduction defects & treatment

…of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Due to its profound pro arrhythmic effects and lack of compelling data regarding morbidity and mortality benefits, digoxin has been ousted…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…an expected fall to below 0.5 × 10⁹/L within 48 hours Profound neutropenia A neutrophil count below 0.1 × 10⁹/L An expected high…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…pain and sensory disturbance. With progression, motor dysfunction develops, followed by profound anaesthesia, paralysis, muscle rigidity and ultimately major tissue loss. Reperfusion after severe or…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…positive hyperacute T waves [15]. Profound ST elevation across multiple leads generally indicates very severe ischemia [15]. A key distinguishing feature of ischemic ST elevation…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…agents to become essential tools for cardiovascular risk reduction, offering profound benefits in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…diagnosis and management. Over the past decade, the landscape of VT management has undergone a profound paradigm shift. Driven by advanced electroanatomical mapping, high resolution…

Pericardiocentesis

…the prognosis. The patient must go to cardiothoracic surgery. In profound shock, very limited decompression may be considered in consultation with a cardiothoracic surgeon. Myocardial…

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