…patients treated with ticagrelor. Patients with a history of ischemic stroke can be treated with ticagrelor for up to 12 months. Use with caution in…

…repolarization and provoke ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The likelihood of clinically significant EMI is generally low, particularly with bipolar electrocautery performed away from the…

…2 points) Prior Bleeding: History of any prior bleeding (1 point) Hypertension: History of hypertension (1 point) Score 1 year risk of bleeding Low risk…

…by significant CAD (prior MI, diffuse microvascular dysfunction, or flow limiting epicardial stenoses), is the predominant cause, accounting for approximately 60% of HFrEF cases in…

…W., & Priori, S. G. (2022). Independent validation and clinical implications of the risk prediction model for long QT syndrome (1 2 3 LQTS Risk). EP…

…W., & Priori, S. G. (2022). Independent validation and clinical implications of the risk prediction model for long QT syndrome (1 2 3 LQTS Risk). EP…

…mmol/L (55 mg/dL) to reduce cardiovascular risk. 1. Assess Prior Treatment • No prior treatment, low dose, or low intensity lipid lowering therapy: • Start…

…the calculation of all clinically relevant hemodynamic parameters, with few exceptions. Prior to the Doppler era, hemodynamic assessments were performed by means of right heart…

…e bleeding risk, i.e., prior bleeding (2 points) H ypertension, uncontrolled (1 point) A nemia (1 point) G enetic factors (e.g., CYP2C9 variants…

…cocaine or methamphetamine overdose, prior treatment with alpha blockade is necessary before administering labetalol (risk of elevating blood pressure in these settings). Labetalol doses and…

…Examination Prior to initiating an ACE inhibitor, it is essential to evaluate the patient's volume status. Because fluid retention can attenuate the effects of…

…from a previous value of at least 50%. A patient with persistently mildly reduced systolic function. This dynamic nature makes prior imaging particularly important when…

…and ongoing management of patients on sotalol. Because the drug is excreted unchanged primarily by the kidneys, creatinine clearance must be assessed prior to initiation…

…occurred The extent and degree of myocardial involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular involvement Pre existing abnormalities such as prior infarction…

…heart failure 1 Hypertension 1 Age ≥75 years 2 Diabetes mellitus 1 Prior stroke or TIA 2 Vascular disease 1 Age 65–74 years 1…

…intentionally slow (due to the low concentration of gap junctions in AV nodal cells), which allows for ventricular filling to complete prior to ventricular contraction…

…the United Kingdom, most parts of Europe, South America, Asia and Africa. Understanding this discussion requires prior knowledge of the ECG leads. Please refer to…

…laymen without prior training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Prompt delivery of chest compressions, ventilations and defibrillation (when possible) are the strongest determinants of survival in…

…referred to as precordial leads . This article will discuss the ECG leads in detail and no prior knowledge is required. Note that the terms unipolar…

…an unexpected death due to cardiac causes that occur within 1 hour of symptom onset. The person may or may not have known cardiac disease…

…the R wave The shock is delivered immediately Why Avoids the vulnerable phase of the T wave There is no R wave to synchronise to…

… } Interpretation of CHADS VASc score and decisions on anticoagulation Men Women Points Recommendation Evidence Recommendation Evidence 0 No treatment Low No treatment High 1 Oral…

…degree heart block in the absence of a pacemaker. Use of intravenous rhythm control antiarrhythmics (class I and class III) within 4 hours prior to…

…is modified by cardiac surgery involving atrial tissue, extensive prior radiofrequency ablation, advanced atrial disease, or the use of antiarrhythmic drugs. In such clinical scenarios…

…risk factors The risk of adverse events is increased by: advanced age; diabetes mellitus; chronic kidney disease or renal failure; congestive heart failure; prior stroke…

…is required. Combination therapy should be selected according to the magnitude of additional LDL C lowering needed and the patient’s prior treatment. Inclisiran is…

…or chest pain equivalent symptoms. The ECG assessment remains necessary even when symptoms have improved by the time of medical evaluation, because transient or evolving…

…multiple antianginal agents and prior revascularization procedures. In many patients, the burden is sufficiently severe to limit ordinary activities and substantially impair quality of life…

…heart failure, hypercoagulability, prior brachytherapy Antiplatelet therapy Nonadherence or discontinuation of clopidogrel or DAPT, reduced clopidogrel bioavailability, hyporesponsiveness or resistance to aspirin or clopidogrel Anatomic…

…fascicle. Approximately 5–10% of all individuals have a third fascicle – the median or centroseptal fascicle – which gives off Purkinje fibers to the interventricular septum…

…block may actually be due to the slowing of impulse conduction prior to the AV node. This is mostly due to fibrosis of atrial myocardium…

…low risk of CAD. Risk stratification : Myocardial perfusion imaging is valuable for assessing the risk of future cardiac events in patients with known CAD or…

…These cells are capable of spontaneous depolarization (i.e they display automaticity) and can therefore act as latent pacemakers (which become active when atrial impulses…

…particularly prior myocardial infarction (MI), is the most prevalent etiology. The necrotic myocardium is replaced by dense collagenous scar, interspersed with surviving bundles of myocytes…