…measure of luminal obstruction. Calcified plaque is generally less likely to rupture than non calcified, lipid rich plaque. CAC nevertheless serves as a marker of…

…yields more time to fill the ventricles with blood (increased ventricular filling). Persons with premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the stronger…

…yields more time to fill the ventricles with blood (increased ventricular filling). The person with premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the…

…a single variant identified as the cause of disease, although the yield varies by cohort. A causative variant is more likely to be found in…

…initial rhythm is atrial fibrillation. The fifth beat is a ventricular premature beat. A ventricular tachycardia (VT) emerges. As evident, ventricular tachycardia may appear more…

…to cholesterol deposition. Untreated or inadequately treated patients may develop premature CAD. Symptoms therefore depend on the vascular territory involved and may include manifestations of…

…practice, obesity is conventionally defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Severe obesity is generally defined as BMI ≥35 kg/m2…

…Typically, periods of sinus node dysfunction occur after tachyarrhythmia; the combination of tachyarrhythmia and sinus node dysfunction is referred to as tachy brady syndrome . Neurocardiogenic…

…administered at the time of PCI. Patients should also take acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) daily (75–325 mg). Duration of therapy : Premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy…

…with multiple ventricular premature beats) spontaneously converting to Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia. Notice how arterial blood pressure (ABP) drops at the onset of TdP…

…receiving agents known to alter the electrical properties of the heart (inducing QRS or QT prolongation) or causing electrolyte abnormalities, such as thiazide and loop…

…SLE and type 1 diabetes. Traditional factors such as smoking, family history of premature coronary disease, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia did not fully explain the excess…

…with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and stent thrombosis. Premature DAPT interruption is described as the strongest predictor of stent thrombosis in…

…Increased PCSK9 activity therefore contributes to higher LDL C concentrations. The genetic evidence provides the rationale for therapeutic inhibition. Gain of function PCSK9 mutations are…

…it binds the MR, which translocates to the nucleus and induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR…

…coronary syndrome Reinfarction reduced by approximately 30–40%; death reduced by approximately 35–45% Peripheral artery disease Lower risk of progression to chronic limb threat

…different situations, all related to changes in cardiac cycle length. These situations are as follows: Premature ventricular depolarization: As exemplified in Figure 1, if the…

…of tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy is provided by Gopinnathair et al. All tachyarrhythmias can cause cardiomyopathy. This also applies to frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVC). As…

…Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity Hyaluronic Acid HYALURONIC ACID HYALURONIC ACID NA no no ZYPREXA Relprevv…

…The extent to which these conditions confer risk independently of conventional factors, and whether they improve risk classification, remains incompletely established. Data concerning premature menopause…

…risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Units and assay considerations Lp(a) may be reported in mass units as mg/dL or in molar units as…

…endocardium. As the fibrofatty replacement progresses, the ventricular wall becomes thinner and the ventricle begins to dilate. Approximately 50% of cases exhibit biventricular cardiomyopathy, although…

…of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia (PSVT) The arrhythmias AVNRT, AVRT (Pre excitation, Wolff Parkinson White syndrome) and ectopic atrial tachycardia have traditionally been referred to as…

…none of the ECG changes or arrhythmias are unique to digoxin. One should always suspect digoxin as the trigger of an arrhythmia (in patients using…

…ventricular arrhythmia, such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, torsade de pointes etc). Hypokalemia is likely to predispose to the pro arrhythmic effects of disopyramide. Structural…

…women (prevalence 2% to 4%). The condition has been recognized for decades, and it has been regarded as a benign form of ST segment elevation…

…is referred to as pre excitation . This manifests with three features on the ECG and the combination of these features are unique to pre excitation…

…is due to diminished automaticity (pacemaker function) in the sinoatrial node or conduction defects (e.g. second degree AV block) as a result of ischemia…

…the sinoatrial node is unlikely to lead to premature death. Moreover, it is still debated whether the transient periods of atrial standstill in sinus bradycardia…

…referred to as pre excitation (the ventricles are excited prematurely; refer to Figure 4, third panel). As illustrated in Figure 4 the initial depolarization of…