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Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…as acute brain failure. It is precipitated by somatic illness, drugs, poisoning, withdrawal, surgery or several concurrent factors. A diagnosis of delirium is therefore the…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…crush technique, stent fracture or collapse Lesion specific angiographic features Residual dissection at a stent margin, impaired flow into or out of the stent, stent…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…hypertension, defined in the cited recommendation as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. Screening is particularly pertinent in the presence of hypokalaemia or treatment resistance. Hypokalaemia…

Resistant Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment

…than through specific symptoms. The clinical importance lies in its association with: Increased cardiovascular disease risk; Greater risk of myocardial infarction; Increased risk of stroke…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…contain a large lipid pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…but surgery is the standard. Dark skin: a risk of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…for poor outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…assessment of the PLR has long been considered for its prognostic implications. Clinicians often check pupil size and reactivity as part of initial and ongoing…

Risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest

…al ). As described by Myerburg et al and Marijon et al , long term prevention of cardiac arrest at the population level is very difficult. Future…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…as sudden onset breathlessness. Other less common presentations, with or without pain, include sudden loss of consciousness, a confusional state, profound weakness, the appearance of…

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