…Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes. Psychosocial stress. Alcohol abuse. Physical inactivity. Unhealthy diet. Cerebral / peripheral vascular disease. Cancer. Acute coronary syndromes cause symptoms…

…Assessment Before Prescription Physical activity should be assessed and prescribed using the components of: Frequency Intensity Time or duration Type Progression The prescription should be…

Echocardiography Calculation of hemodynamic parameters by ultrasound Hemodynamics is the study of blood flow dynamics. The physical laws that govern blood flow are fundamental in…

Cardiology Indications for pharmacologic agents Pharmacologic stress tests are indicated in the following scenarios: Inability to exercise due to physical limitations. Contraindications to exercise, such…

…propagate through a physical medium. This medium may consist of any matter, e.g air, water, metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body…

…and mortality The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early post infarction physical activity programmes into a structured centre of secondary cardiovascular prevention in…

…AV blocks) and physical examination. It is also reasonable to analyze cardiac troponins if there is any probability of myocardial ischemia as the underlying cause…

…and, in the most severe cases, hypotension, pneumothorax and respiratory arrest [1]. The first few minutes 1. Sit the patient up and minimise physical exertion…

…competence; a physician available. Patient preparation: A light meal is permitted; no large meal, no coffee and no nicotine in the preceding 2–3 hours…

…No defined threshold The patient has cognitive or physical impairment and needs help from another person Level 3 can occur even when the glucose has…