…refers to the measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO…

…salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and increase the entry of salicylate into the central nervous system. Discuss…

…suggest acute organ dysfunction Organ or system Finding : : CNS New confusion, disorientation, agitation, drowsiness or a reduced GCS Respiration A respiratory rate of at least…

…Management of acute bradycardia in the emergency setting. Parameter Assessment A Airway Voice Breath sounds B Breathing Respiratory rate (12–20 / min) Chest wall movements…

…impaired ventilation–perfusion matching, increased physiological dead space and the Haldane effect. It is therefore misleading to explain the whole phenomenon as abolition of the…

…myocardial perfusion include fixed coronary atherosclerosis without plaque rupture, coronary artery spasm, coronary microvascular dysfunction (encompassing endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and dysregulation of…

…Give small boluses, for example 250 to 500 mL, with immediate reassessment of the blood pressure, pulse, peripheral perfusion, mental state and chest findings. Avoid

…Examples Acute coronary atherothrombosis Plaque disruption or erosion with thrombosis Reduced myocardial perfusion Coronary spasm, microvascular dysfunction, coronary embolism, coronary dissection, hypotension, shock, respiratory failure…

…Choose a point with at least 15 mm depth of fluid throughout the respiratory cycle and where the lung does not come up against the…

Cardiology Interpreting myocardial perfusion SPECT images involves a systematic comparison of rest and stress images to assess myocardial ischemia and infarction. The key steps in…