…the true lumen and cause ischemia. Guiding catheter trauma is an additional mechanism of dissection and impaired distal flow. These alternative causes must be distinguished…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Intravascular imaging comprises catheter based techniques that directly visualize the coronary lumen, vessel wall, plaque, thrombus, and implanted…

…injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the…

…contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary arteries through a catheter advanced from a peripheral artery to the aortic root and coronary ostia…

…such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents Catheter ablation Critical illness Defibrillator shocks Strenuous exercise Cardiac contusion The diagnosis should therefore distinguish…

…than 70%, and are an important reason that patients are referred for coronary artery bypass grafting rather than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A CTO may…

…disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures. Both can improve coronary flow…

…receptor inhibitor. It is central to the prevention of platelet mediated coronary thrombosis after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin irreversibly…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Drug eluting stents (DES) are the predominant device used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They evolved from balloon angioplasty and…

…necrosis temporally related to coronary revascularization. It may follow percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and is classified within the universal…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Stent thrombosis is thrombotic occlusion arising within a coronary stent or at its margins after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)…

…UA) Non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) This applies to patients undergoing either primary or delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)…

…designed to assess the complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and guide the choice between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) …

…particularly during cardiovascular angiography, computed tomography, or percutaneous coronary intervention. The preferred terminology is contrast associated AKI when temporal association is present; contrast induced AKI…

…to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and other ischemic events after coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or medical management. The standard post ACS…

…recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In contemporary practice…

…reserve (FFR), have been validated against outcomes and shown to outperform visual angiographic guidance in selecting lesions for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Non hyperemic pressure…

…always be balanced against bleeding. This balance changes according to the clinical setting, time from MI or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), ischaemic risk, bleeding risk…

…and viable myocardium. The incidence has fallen substantially with contemporary reperfusion, particularly primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In a large epidemiological analysis, mechanical complications occurred…

…antianginal medical therapy, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including attempted recanalization of a chronic total coronary occlusion. Angina or ischaemia…

…Selection of the reperfusion strategy Primary PCI as the preferred strategy Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is preferred to fibrinolysis when the anticipated interval from…

…Evaluating the success of revascularization : Myocardial perfusion imaging can assess effectiveness of procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)…

…is simple: transmural ischemia is due to a complete and proximal artery occlusion and such occlusions must be managed with immediate PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Angiography)…

…evidence demonstrating long term durability (Filsoufi et al). Percutaneous interventions lack long term safety and efficacy data. References ESC EACVI Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease …

…surgical or percutaneous closure in ASD/VSD. Serial measurements track shunt progression in chronic conditions. Post Intervention Monitoring : Assess residual shunts after device closure or…

…particularly after STEMI, and is also applicable after acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, or cardiac surgery. The post infarction patient may experience: Reduced exercise…

…cTn values become available or abnormal. Type 4a MI: Represents a periprocedural myocardial infarction associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Type 4b MI: Denotes myocardial…

…ACS to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events. Therapy should preferably begin before planned percutaneous coronary intervention when feasible. Patients already taking low or moderate intensity…

…can shorten the time to diagnosis and facilitate triage of patients with suspected ST segment elevation myocardial infarction to a percutaneous coronary intervention capable hospital…

…ECMO. Furthermore, ECMO might be required to facilitate procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or pulmonary embolectomy. Thus ECMO acts as a bridge, offering…