TheCardiovascular

Articles & courses

ArticlesShow all 30
No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…the true lumen and cause ischemia. Guiding catheter trauma is an additional mechanism of dissection and impaired distal flow. These alternative causes must be distinguished…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Intravascular imaging comprises catheter based techniques that directly visualize the coronary lumen, vessel wall, plaque, thrombus, and implanted…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary arteries through a catheter advanced from a peripheral artery to the aortic root and coronary ostia…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents Catheter ablation Critical illness Defibrillator shocks Strenuous exercise Cardiac contusion The diagnosis should therefore distinguish…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: Indications and Outcomes

…than 70%, and are an important reason that patients are referred for coronary artery bypass grafting rather than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A CTO may…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures. Both can improve coronary flow…

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration After Acute Coronary Syndromes and Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

…receptor inhibitor. It is central to the prevention of platelet mediated coronary thrombosis after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin irreversibly…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Drug eluting stents (DES) are the predominant device used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They evolved from balloon angioplasty and…

Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After PCI and CABG

…necrosis temporally related to coronary revascularization. It may follow percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and is classified within the universal…

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Tests

Management of Heart Failure — A 62-year-old female is admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit following an…
Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Part 2 — A 48-year-old male with a non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and an implantable…
Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Part 1 — A 68-year-old male with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy, COPD (chronic obst…
Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes — In patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), what i…
Management of Valvular Heart Disease — A 27-year-old woman presents for preconception counseling. She has a history of …
Acute Myocardial Infarction: From Pathophysiology to Complications — A 62-year-old male with a history of stable angina undergoes elective percutaneo…

Tools

KVÅShow all 1,000
A5200 — Percutaneous catheter/tube anchoring device, adhesive skin attachment
C7548 — Exchange nephrostomy catheter, percutaneous, with ureteral stricture balloon dilation, including diagnostic nephrostogram and/or ureterogram when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation
C7545 — Percutaneous exchange of biliary drainage catheter (eg, external, internal-external, or conversion of internal-external to external only), with removal of calculi/debris from biliary duct(s) and/or gallbladder, including destruction of calculi by any method (eg, mechanical, electrohydraulic, lithotripsy) when performed, including diagnostic cholangiography(ies) when performed, imaging guidance (eg, fluoroscopy), and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation
C7547 — Convert nephrostomy catheter to nephroureteral catheter, percutaneous via pre-existing nephrostomy tract, with ureteral stricture balloon dilation, including diagnostic nephrostogram and/or ureterogram when performed, imaging guidance (eg, ultrasound and/or fluoroscopy) and all associated radiological supervision and interpretation
C7501 — Percutaneous breast biopsies using stereotactic guidance, with placement of breast localization device(s) (e.g., clip, metallic pellet), when performed, and imaging of the biopsy specimen, when performed, all lesions unilateral and bilateral (for single lesion biopsy, use appropriate code)
C7502 — Percutaneous breast biopsies using magnetic resonance guidance, with placement of breast localization device(s) (e.g., clip, metallic pellet), when performed, and imaging of the biopsy specimen, when performed, all lesions unilateral or bilateral (for single lesion biopsy, use appropriate code)
C7504 — Percutaneous vertebroplasties (bone biopsies included when performed), first cervicothoracic and any additional cervicothoracic or lumbosacral vertebral bodies, unilateral or bilateral injection, inclusive of all imaging guidance
C7505 — Percutaneous vertebroplasties (bone biopsies included when performed), first lumbosacral and any additional cervicothoracic or lumbosacral vertebral bodies, unilateral or bilateral injection, inclusive of all imaging guidance
C7507 — Percutaneous vertebral augmentations, first thoracic and any additional thoracic or lumbar vertebral bodies, including cavity creations (fracture reductions and bone biopsies included when performed) using mechanical device (e.g., kyphoplasty), unilateral or bilateral cannulations, inclusive of all imaging guidance
C7508 — Percutaneous vertebral augmentations, first lumbar and any additional thoracic or lumbar vertebral bodies, including cavity creations (fracture reductions and bone biopsies included when performed) using mechanical device (e.g., kyphoplasty), unilateral or bilateral cannulations, inclusive of all imaging guidance