…dissection, intramural haematoma (IMH), and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU). Aortic dissection accounts for approximately 80%–90% of acute aortic syndromes, IMH for approximately 10%–20%…

…which involves the arch without involvement of the ascending aorta or represents retrograde extension from the descending aorta into the arch that stops before reaching…

…glaucoma (tonometry). Contraindications Absolute contraindications to instrumental removal: Suspected penetrating injury or an intraocular foreign body — shield the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic…

…Penetrating injuries to the mediastinum can cause tamponade. Post operative Complications : Post surgical complications following thoracic procedures can cause tamponade. Tamponade with swinging heart of…

…a persistent foramen ovale (PFO), which enables blood flow from the right to the left atrium. Echocardiography is of importance for cardioembolic stroke, cryptogenic stroke…

…volumes are severely reduced. Commotio cordis Commotio cordis occurs as a result of a blunt, non penetrating blow to the chest, typically over the precordium…

…units of red cells in 24 hours [5]. A continuing transfusion requirement while definitive control of the bleeding has not yet been achieved. Penetrating torso…

…60 MHz. Their principal advantage is tissue penetration, generally allowing assessment several millimetres beyond the lumen and visualization of the external elastic membrane (EEM). IVUS…

…resolution but worse penetration. Visualizing objects located in close proximity to the transducer, therefore, is done using high frequency waves. The frequency of the ultrasound…