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Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction

…interventions intended to reduce recurrent infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…of shock. Patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease have a higher burden of comorbidity and an increased risk of in hospital complications, including…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…and infarction Definition and Purpose Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary secondary prevention intervention for patients with cardiovascular disease, including those recovering from myocardial infarction…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…and from secondary prevention, which addresses patients with established disease to reduce recurrent events and mortality. Risk factor modification is therefore directed at identifying individuals…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…cessation lowers the risk of peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, premature death, recurrent infarction and limb threatening complications. Among patients with established peripheral artery disease…

Lipoprotein(a): Measurement and Clinical Implications

…this period. Cascade testing of parents, siblings, and children can identify relatives with high Lp(a) and increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Units and…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…associated with structural and functional ventricular abnormalities and progressive neurohormonal activation. The therapeutic rationale for disease modifying treatment is to reduce mortality, prevent recurrent hospitalization…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…Presentation and Symptoms The clinical spectrum of ISR is broad: Many patients remain asymptomatic. The most common symptomatic presentation is CCS, usually with recurrent angina…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…to atheromatous plaque producing progressive narrowing or obstruction of epicardial coronary arteries. Endothelial dysfunction, coronary microvascular disease and vasospasm may coexist with atherosclerosis or may…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…90 days. The central clinical danger is progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe…

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