…every patient with an initial STEMI pattern has myocardial infarction as the final diagnosis. The underlying process usually involves acute thrombotic obstruction of an epicardial…

…detection of prescribed medications in blood or urine samples. In patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, an…

…identify specific hemodynamic profiles: the presence of hypotension, end organ hypoperfusion, shock states, and pulmonary congestion. In pregnant patients presenting with suspected acute heart failure…

…electrolyte imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram …

…end organ injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes…

…pediatric patients, and young adults with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de…

…In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during management of an acute illness…

…glomerular filtration rate Reported estimates include a rate of approximately 0–2% in patients with an eGFR of 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2…

…doubling the dose produces an additional reduction of approximately 6%. Clinical indications and treatment goals Established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Patients with established ASCVD are at…