…Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview The evaluation of acute chest discomfort requires a systematic differential diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic…

…reperfusion therapy. This approach fails to identify a substantial proportion of patients with acute coronary occlusion (ACO) who present without diagnostic ST elevation, often resulting…

…infarction: a diagnosis based on cardiac troponins A diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is made only after blood analyses confirm elevated levels of myocardial…

…immediately and a defibrillator must be ready. I B Consider connecting leads V7, V8 and V9 in patients with high suspicion of posterior acute myocardial…

…most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination…

…a few likely diagnoses. The table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of…

…material. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Aortic dissection is an uncommon cause of acute chest pain but carries a particularly high mortality when diagnosis is delayed…

Cardiology Diagnosis and treatment of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia) Acute bradycardia with hemodynamic instability Acute bradycardia with hemodynamic effects is a potentially life threatening condition and should…

…combined with patient denial, often leads to a mistaken impression of indigestion. STEMI pain can simulate pain from acute pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, acute aortic dissection…

…quality of life. Approximately half of all patients with heart failure die suddenly, as a result of ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation). Early diagnosis…