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Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…differ substantially according to the clinical setting. Values obtained in the emergency department for acute dyspnoea should not be transferred directly to patients with less…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…to cause ischaemia, recurrent symptoms, myocardial infarction, or other major adverse cardiovascular events. Complete revascularization is therefore considered an important therapeutic objective, particularly in patients…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…from other fields (e.g. sepsis research) or physiological reasoning. Cardiac arrest care is advanced and should preferably only be conducted in specialized centers. Patients…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…24/7 without delay. I B Patients transferred to PCI centres can bypass the emergency department to undergo primary PCI without delay. I B Ambulance…

Common laboratory tests

…Comment : : : Reticulocytes 20–100 ×10⁹/L Distinguishes a production defect from haemolysis or bleeding Ferritin 15–300 µg/L (women 10–150) An acute phase…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…dyspnoea improves and sympathetic activation subsides, making it difficult to determine whether AF initiated the deterioration or resulted from it. AF has important consequences beyond…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…survival. Patients with unstable angina pectoris with low risk (according to TIMI score or similar) may undergo stress testing when their clinical condition is stabilized…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…the findings of the ambulance crew The stated dose is often unreliable and must never be used on its own to declare the patient well…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…contraindication. The agent and dose are according to the local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment or surgical embolectomy where available…

Atrial fibrillation: quick reference for emergency management

…1 Cardioversion (electrical or pharmacological) can be performed directly. An anticoagulant is then given according to CHA₂DS₂ VA 24–48 hours, or risk factors present…

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