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Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…or subacute. In the catastrophic form, an acute tear causes haemopericardium, tamponade, and sudden: Loss of pulse. Loss of blood pressure. Loss of consciousness. Electromechanical…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary artery occlusions , which implies that there remains residual blood flow in the artery. Moreover, management of NSTEMI and…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…leading to rapid brainstem hypoxia. As a result, pupils often dilate widely within 30–120 seconds of cardiac arrest and light reactivity is lost when…

Interpretation of myocardial perfusion images (Myocardial SPECT / PET)

…advanced level of ischemia or partial scarring. Severe defects : Defined by absent tracer uptake, with signal intensity comparable to background activity, typically representing infarcted tissue…

STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Diagnosis, ECG, Criteria, and Management

…vast majority of all deaths in the acute phase of STEMI. Death due to ventricular dysfunction, or mechanical complications, is much less common in the…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest : Trauma and injuries…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…the tissues back to the lungs where it is exhaled. The final partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled air represents the sum of ventilation…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…or partial, depending on the size of the thrombus and the plaque. The patient will experience severe chest pain due to the abrupt reduction of…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…any dose of any statin. Partial intolerance: inability to tolerate the dose required to achieve the patient’s LDL C goal. Complete intolerance is uncommon…

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