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Pediatric aspects of ECG leads & anatomy

…children (even the youngest) can be distracted by a parent or other personnel. Distracting the child during ECG recording may be recommended to reduce muscle…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…cardiovascular conditions demonstrate autosomal dominant transmission, in which an affected heterozygous individual has a 50% risk of transmitting the relevant variant to each child. However…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…hepatic metabolism, yielding desethylamiodarone as a major active metabolite. Both the parent drug and its metabolite accumulate extensively in various tissues, including the liver, lung…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…as atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Echocardiography provides a non invasive, accessible method to calculate this ratio…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: Indications and Outcomes

…diagnostic angiography. Collateral vessels may maintain distal perfusion and permit visualization of the vessel beyond the occlusion when the patent donor artery is injected. The…

The ECG in assessment of myocardial reperfusion

…the ST segment is normalized within one hour, and this confirms that the coronary artery flow is patent. The rapid ST segment return is explained…

Nasogastric tube

…slightly towards the chest — an extended neck directs the tube towards the larynx. Procedure 1. Inspect both nasal passages and choose the more patent one…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…years are an important clue to HoFH, especially when both parents have untreated LDL C levels compatible with HeFH. Evaluation and physical examination Assessment begins…

Lipoprotein(a): Measurement and Clinical Implications

…menopause when a premenopausal value was borderline, because levels may increase during this period. Cascade testing of parents, siblings, and children can identify relatives with…

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