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Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…nor desethylamiodarone is dialyzable. The volume of distribution is large, averaging 60 L/kg, and the drug is highly protein bound (96%). The elimination half…

Pediatric aspects of ECG leads & anatomy

…leg electrodes are placed proximally on the thighs and arm electrodes are placed proximally on the upper arm. Placement of chest (precordial) electrodes are not…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…dominant inheritance is predominant in many cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. Nevertheless, apparently sporadic disease may result from: Incomplete penetrance of a variant inherited from a parent…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…to quantify the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: Indications and Outcomes

…when the patent donor artery is injected. The collateral circulation therefore has both physiological importance and procedural relevance. The principal anatomical determinants of CTO PCI…

The ECG in assessment of myocardial reperfusion

…inadequate microvascular flow despite patent epicardial blood flow. In such cases, the ECG will be more sensitive (and show a lesser amount of normalization) than…

Nasogastric tube

…passages and choose the more patent one. Ask the patient about a previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure the depth of insertion…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…treated patients may develop premature CAD. Symptoms therefore depend on the vascular territory involved and may include manifestations of coronary, cerebral or peripheral arterial disease…

Lipoprotein(a): Measurement and Clinical Implications

…Its biological effects appear to differ from those of LDL, and elevated Lp(a) may confer greater risk per particle or unit of cholesterol than…

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