…of the bowel or the urinary tract. Marked bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome or high grade AV block without pacemaker protection. Asthma and other marked obstructive…

…contraindication) . Irregular wide complex tachycardia is most often due to atrial fibrillation with wide QRS complexes due to bundle branch blocks or other conduction defects…

…ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should be considered a basic clinical skill. Pacing activity may be visible or invisible, depending…

…accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI. QTc prolongation The QT (QTc) interval may be prolonged, shortened or…

…include permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. Implantable loop recorders are diagnostic devices rather than pacing or defibrillation systems…

…with implanting a permanent pacemaker and continuing the treatment. Commonly, patients with bradycardia have a strong indication for drugs that aggravate or cause bradycardia (e…

…Less than 3 consecutive beats (or from a latent pacemaker (or any other ectopic focus) are referred to as escape beats. Three or more consecutive…

…excellent, with the vast majority of patients recovering completely after restoration of sinus rhythm (or any other rhythm with normal ventricular rate and activation). Recovery…

…deal in a conscious patient. Indications Immediate (transcutaneous) pacing in bradycardia with haemodynamic compromise — hypotension, shock, impaired consciousness, heart failure, myocardial ischaemia or syncope — that…

…normal accessory pathways. However, conduction may be blocked in unusual accessory pathways that possess long conduction times or decremental conduction properties. Furthermore, adenosine binds to…