…features or an inadequate response. First line treatment is oxygen in hypoxaemia, repeated doses of an inhaled short acting β2 agonist, ipratropium in more severe…

…transient rate related conduction abnormalities, pacing related repolarization changes, and inadequate coronary flow relative to myocardial oxygen demand. Consequently, an elevated cardiac troponin concentration and…

…Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the…

…risk of hypercapnia High flow nasal cannula 20–60 L/min 21–100 %, adjustable Humidified and warmed gas; it provides some positive airway pressure and…

…review on this topic [1]. References [1] G Heusch. Myocardial Ischemia: Lack of Coronary Blood Flow or Myocardial Oxygen Supply/Demand Imbalance? Circ Res. 2016…

…refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest …

…modulation of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial potassium ATP channels. Levosimendan alleviates heart failure symptoms, increases cardiac output, and lowers pulmonary artery pressure without increasing myocardial oxygen…

…Pressures in the heart and pulmonary circulation Flow, resistance and oxygen transport Formulas Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = diastolic + (systolic − diastolic)/3 Cardiac output =…

…is calculated as the heart rate divided by the systolic blood pressure. A value of around 0.9 to 1.0 or higher in an…

…and reduces myocardial oxygen consumption. Time to onset of action: 5 minutes. Effects Lowers blood pressure, reduces heart rate, myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial contractility…