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Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…nausea and vomiting 8 to 24 hours Alcoholic hallucinosis, often visual, auditory or tactile hallucinations with a relatively clear level of consciousness and preserved orientation…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…vomiting, diaphoresis, fatigue, faintness, and other symptoms may occur without chest pain and should be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…universal definition of MI. Type 1 MI is generally related to an atherothrombotic event, whereas Types 2–5 MI have other mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…the last dose, the renal function and the severity of the bleeding 7 Manage antiplatelet drugs according to their indication. Do not routinely stop aspirin…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…proportion of painless or silent STEMIs is greater in patients with diabetes mellitus and increases with age. STEMI may present as sudden onset breathlessness. Other…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…a Glasgow Coma Scale below 8 Vomiting together with clear neurological impairment Respiratory failure or respiratory arrest Clinical signs of raised intracranial pressure or impending…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…control in atrial fibrillation, particularly when other therapeutic options cannot be pursued. Patients receiving digoxin may present with symptoms of digitalis toxicity, which manifests across…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…Nausea and vomiting Anxiety A sense of impending doom When STEMI begins during exertion, the symptoms generally do not resolve simply with cessation of activity…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, apathy, confusion, impaired reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…or gastric surgery Gastric lavage Seizures or an unstable patient — stabilise first The induction of vomiting has no place in the modern treatment of poisoning…

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