…Ventricular tachycardia may be classified as idiopathic if no cause can be identified. Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia has a more favorable prognosis, as compared with other…

…not depolarized normally. The vast majority of WCTs originate from impulses generated in the ventricles (ventricular tachycardia being the most common arrhythmia). Any impulses generated…

…rhythm (or any other rhythm with normal ventricular rate and activation). Recovery may, however, take several months. Table 1. Arrhythmias causing tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy SUPRAVENTRICULAR…

…ventricular fibrillation and must not be confused with any other arrhythmia. Figure 1. Ventricular fibrillation and asystole. ECG Case 1: Ventricular tachycardia progressing to ventricular…

…treatment. It does not progress to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and it does not affect cardiac output to the point of hemodynamic compromise. Figure…

…or any other activity causing adrenergic stimulation, increase the risk of syncope, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest. ARVC can cause ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation…

…30 premature ventricular contractions occur consecutively, it is referred to as non sustained ventricular tachycardia (if the rate is 100 beats/min) or ventricular rhythm…

…and anxiety. As the tachyarrhythmia originates above the ventricles, ventricular depolarization proceeds normally via the His Purkinje system, and in most cases, there is no…

…When the ventricular rate remains below this threshold, the arrhythmia is classified instead as an ectopic atrial rhythm (EAR) . Ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) most commonly…

…Thus, the ECG criteria for sinus tachycardia follow. ECG criteria for sinus tachycardia Regular rhythm with ventricular rate 100 beats per minute. P wave with…

…rhythm (VF, pulseless VT) : 35% Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) : 5%. Asystole : 1.6% Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless electrical activity (PEA), and…

…different types of dilated cardiomyopathy. Other causes of ventricular dilation ( e.g ischemic cardiomyopathy) must be excluded before establishing a diagnosis of DCM. Patient characteristics…

…or ventricular tachycardia. Prolonged spasm can cause acute myocardial infarction, including myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death…

…fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and other tachyarrhythmias with discernible QRS complexes. Shockable rhythm : Tachyarrhythmias that can be treated with defibrillation (ventricular fibrillation) or cardioversion (ventricular tachycardia)…

…tachycardia Respiratory rate and oxygenation Evidence of systemic congestion or acute RV failure Syncope or altered clinical status Comorbid cardiopulmonary disease, active cancer, and other…

…tachycardia (absolute contraindication) . Irregular wide complex tachycardia is most often due to atrial fibrillation with wide QRS complexes due to bundle branch blocks or other…

…of cardiovascular mortality in general. This is not surprising given the adverse effects of long periods of tachycardia and desynchronized atrial and ventricular activity. Fortunately…

…Conversely, asynchronous pacing may rarely result in pacing during ventricular repolarization and provoke ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The likelihood of clinically significant EMI is…

…of the following symptoms: Syncope, pre syncope Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Cardiac arrest with or without sudden cardiac death Hence, the Brugada syndrome is a…

…with PEA and progress to asystole. Shockable rhythms (ventricular fibrillation [VF], ventricular tachycardia [VT]) are uncommon in hypoxic cardiac arrest, as evidenced by the fact…

…seconds), provided that other causes of right axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of left axis deviation Left bundle branch block. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Inferior…

…seconds), provided that other causes of right axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of left axis deviation Left bundle branch block. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Inferior…

…in the right precordial leads—and a propensity for life threatening polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with structurally normal hearts …

…or reduced left ventricular function. Persistent or non persistent ventricular tachycardia or frequent premature ventricular contractions that cause pronounced symptoms and other therapies have failed…

…person may have some circulation despite circulatory collapse (e.g., with sustained ventricular tachycardia). Experimental and clinical understanding of hypoxic neuronal cell death stems largely…

…system. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (tachycardia): rapid arrhythmias due to impulses originating from the atria. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias (tachycardia): rapid arrhythmias due to impulses originating from the ventricles…

…cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart sounds and jugular venous distention. Other frequent symptoms are pulsus paradoxus, pericardial friction sounds, tachycardia, tachypnea, weakened peripheral pulses…

…system, electrolyte concentrations, and other factors (potentially also genetic predisposition) interact to trigger ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. These factors interact and vary over time…

…of the nine parameters listed above. Many of the diagnoses mentioned below are discussed in detail in other chapters, to which links are provided throughout…

…Sinus node dysfunction (bradycardia). Ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF). Clinical presentation Confusion Abdominal pain Hypotension Arrhythmias and ECG changes Cardiac arrest Treatment Furosemide 1…

…at considerable risk of developing life threatening ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) and subsequently cardiac arrest. Although ventricular arrhythmias may occur any time after…

…point depression). The reason for such electrical potential difference is that not all ventricular myocardial cells will finish their action potential simultaneously. Myocardial cells which…

…AV block. Sinus node dysfunction and tach brady syndrome. Ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and torsade de pointes. Hypocalcemia Causes of hypocalcemia Acute pancreatitis, pancreas surgery…

…Leukemia, Lymphocytic, and Hodgkin Disease, among others. It is a novel, broad spectrum hydroxamic acid based inhibitor of histone deacetylase... <a href="http://www.ncbi…

…and clinical applications of these modalities, the definitions of cardiac planes, ventricular segments, and coronary arterial territories evolved differently. This resulted in difficulties when comparing…

…of ischemia (but the sensitivity is low). U wave changes always accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI…

Echocardiography Methods for assessing systolic function (contractile function) Several echocardiographic measurements are available to assess left ventricular systolic function. These methods elucidate slightly different aspects…

…and treatment goals Diabetes, left ventricular function and other comorbidities Surgical risk and contraindications to prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy Patient preferences, local expertise and operator…

…Thus, with regards to measuring ventricular dimensions, trabeculae and papillary muscles are considered part of the left ventricular cavity. Other dimensions– including atrial dimensions, mitral…

…and myocardial bridging. Although many are clinically silent, some produce myocardial ischaemia, ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death. Myocardial bridging is an anatomical…

…Pericardial disease, including constriction Right ventricular dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism Infiltrative cardiomyopathies, particularly cardiac amyloidosis Sepsis and other hyperdynamic states In cardiac amyloidosis, BNP…

…involvement Coexisting multivessel disease The extent of jeopardized myocardium Left ventricular systolic function Diabetes and other comorbidities Anatomical complexity and completeness of possible revascularization A…

…most commonly reflects severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD…

…other out. However, the ECG may show features characteristic of biventricular hypertrophy. Biventricular hypertrophy ECG In case the ECG or other examinations suggest left ventricular…

…s leads etc). Note that in some situations it is appropriate to connect additional electrodes in order to detect right ventricular infarction (leads V3R, V4R…

…Acute obstruction can lead to rapid hemodynamic deterioration, cardiogenic shock, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death. The resulting extensive ischemia causes immediate myocardial stunning…

…than 50 beats per minute. ECG criteria follow: Regular rhythm with a ventricular rate slower than 50 beats per minute. P waves with constant morphology…

…Common manifestations are hypertensive encephalopathy, intracerebral haemorrhage, acute coronary syndrome, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema, acute aortic syndrome, acute kidney injury, microangiopathic haemolysis…

…inversion can occur without coronary artery disease. Proposed explanations in the source material include cardiac memory after abnormal ventricular activation, transient rate related conduction abnormalities…

…medicine Procedurer Definition and Pathophysiology Cardiac tamponade is a life threatening clinical syndrome in which increased intrapericardial pressure compresses the heart and impairs ventricular filling…

…or other major adverse cardiovascular events. Complete revascularization is therefore considered an important therapeutic objective, particularly in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and/or MVD…

…reaction 0.37 Haemodynamic complications 0.26 Cardiac chamber perforation 0.03 Other complications 0.28 Total major complications 1.70 In another large diagnostic…

…agree with those viewpoints. Going through some guidelines the other day I realized that they are indeed becoming thicker and thicker. Guidelines issued by AHA…

…All patients Other leads Greater than or equal to 1 mm These criteria for the other leads apply in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy…

…tomography (PET) is a radionuclide based method for assessing regional myocardial blood flow, inducible ischaemia, myocardial scar, ventricular function, and, in selected circumstances, myocardial viability…

…environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only…

…coronary artery disease (CAD). It combines echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) structure and function with exercise or pharmacological stress. The physiological basis is an…

…metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure…

…most cardiac conditions may be associated with atrial flutter. As compared with several other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, atrial flutter does not occur among otherwise healthy individuals…

…other conditions. More dramatic onset of symptoms can be seen in arrhythmogenic tumors of the myocardium; in these cases, the tumor can debut with ventricular…