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The T-wave: physiology, variants and ECG features

…the baseline, regardless of whether its other parts are above the baseline. T wave inversions are frequently misunderstood, particularly in the setting of ischemia. Normal…

Interpretation of neonatal and pediatric electrocardiograms (ECG)

…mentioned below are discussed in detail in other chapters, to which links are provided throughout the text. Heart rate During the first week of life…

ECG signs of myocardial infarction: pathological Q-waves & pathological R-waves

…infarction) Lead Definition of pathological Q wave Normal variants V2–V3 ≥0,02 s or QS complex None All other leads ≥0,03 s and …

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…in which an affected heterozygous individual has a 50% risk of transmitting the relevant variant to each child. However, other inheritance patterns, de novo variants…

Sinus tachycardia & Inappropriate sinus tachycardia

…all other causes have been ruled out. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is presumably more common than previously thought and the condition may hamper the quality of…

🟠 HEMORR₂HAGES Bleeding Risk Score

…CYP2C9 variants) (1 point) E xcessive fall risk (1 point) S troke (1 point) HEMORR₂HAGES Score Risk category Incidence of major bleeding (per 100 patient…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…Those of us who have read guidelines may agree with those viewpoints. Going through some guidelines the other day I realized that they are indeed…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…FH results from pathogenic variants affecting proteins in the hepatic LDL receptor pathway. Reduced cellular uptake and clearance of LDL leads to increased circulating LDL…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…frequently in East Asian populations. VA can occur as part of a more generalized vasospastic syndrome with migraine or Raynaud phenomenon. Associations have also been…

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