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Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…Episodes of headache, palpitations, sweating and pallor that may suggest phaeochromocytoma. Systemic sclerosis, kidney disease, autoimmune disease or previous thrombotic microangiopathy. Antidepressants can affect the…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…a systemic corticosteroid if the exacerbation is more than mild. 6. Assess the indication for antibiotics on the basis of sputum purulence, the other cardinal…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma. Atherosclerotic PAD is a manifestation of systemic arterial disease rather…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall is biologically active…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…and other conditions incorporated into validated clinical risk tools Acute RV failure is a rapidly progressive syndrome characterized by systemic congestion resulting from impaired RV…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…Dietary composition may influence blood pressure, glucose–insulin homeostasis, lipids and apolipoproteins, endothelial function, systemic inflammation, liver fat synthesis, adiposity, thrombosis and coagulation, cardiac function…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…underlying mechanism may be coronary, myocardial, or systemic, and treatment is inappropriate or incomplete if the mechanism is not established. Myocarditis and takotsubo syndrome can…

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