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Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…implantation should always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…in the right atrium and it typically loops around the tricuspid valve. Impulses spread rapidly through the atria from this re entry circuit. Examples of…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…V5 is absent. It may be broken, as in Figure 1 . Any type of infarction may cause pathological R wave progression. However, the specificity for…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…in women. Dyslipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes and obesity become increasingly prevalent after the menopausal transition. Women with type 2 diabetes also have a higher prevalence of…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…the criteria for type 1 MI because they represent coronary atherothrombotic events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…smoking and other conventional risk factors, together with diabetes specific vascular and metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes is associated with inflammation, thrombosis and accelerated atherosclerosis. In CKD…

Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…Pericardial disease, including constriction Right ventricular dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism Infiltrative cardiomyopathies, particularly cardiac amyloidosis Sepsis and other hyperdynamic states In cardiac amyloidosis, BNP…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…Definition and scope Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…cardiomyocyte necrosis occurring in the clinical setting of acute myocardial ischaemia and is diagnosed according to the fourth universal definition of MI. Type 1 MI…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…preferably anteroposteriorly : one anteriorly over the praecordium to the left of the sternum, the other on the back between the left scapula and the spine…

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