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Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…crush technique, stent fracture or collapse Lesion specific angiographic features Residual dissection at a stent margin, impaired flow into or out of the stent, stent…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2:1 block will be difficult to discern because the…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…within 120 minutes Fibrinolysis within 10 minutes of the diagnosis, if symptom duration is under 12 hours and there is no contraindication After successful fibrinolysis…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…2 mL The doses follow the summaries of product characteristics: Lederspan specifies 10–20 mg periarticularly in bursitis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis and epicondylitis, and Depo Medrol…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…ischemic area. Fragmented QRS complex The definition of fragmented QRS complexes ( Figure 2 ) are as follows: QRS complex with more than 1 R wave and…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…disease and several other comorbidities also contribute to the disproportionate cardiovascular burden in women. Depression and anxiety are approximately twice as prevalent in women and…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…Primary hyperaldosteronism is identified as the most frequent cause, comprising approximately 20–25% of secondary hypertension cases. Coarctation of the aorta and renovascular disease are…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…10]. The specific voltage thresholds vary based on patient age, sex, and lead location, as detailed below [8, 10]: Patient Demographic Lead Group ST Elevation…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…involve the sensitization of sensory nerve endings due to the accumulation of bradykinin. ACE is responsible for metabolizing bradykinin and other tachykinins, such as substance…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited discriminatory value. Features suggesting myocardial ischaemia Ischaemic discomfort commonly: Is substernal and diffuse. Is described as pressure…

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