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Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…Moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia Other markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…may develop when the disorder is not recognized early in life. Corneal arcus and xanthelasma can also occur, although they are less specific for FH…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…or coagulopathy (risk of bleeding). An advanced airway (tracheal tube, supraglottic airway) should be established as early as possible. Airway management should not interrupt compressions…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…defibrillators and other emergency instruments. Personnel conducting the test must be formally trained to assess cardiovascular response, symptoms, and ECG changes. Although the risk of…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…be associated with atrial flutter. As compared with several other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, atrial flutter does not occur among otherwise healthy individuals. Atrial flutter causes characteristic…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…examination, other examinations (which are not included in the standard examination), may be warranted. For most pathological conditions, there are specific guidelines (see links below)…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…plaque. Upon such damage, the plaque exposes highly thrombogenic materials which activate circulating platelets and coagulation factors, which results in thrombus formation (Figure 1). Disruption…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…3 mm, long stent length Large thrombotic burdens increase procedural risk because thrombus can fragment, embolize to other coronary branches or vascular beds, propagate through…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…marked risk of arrhythmia. 4. Take a full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, high sensitivity troponin and, where needed, coagulation tests. Blood sampling must not…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…nothing documented but increase the risk of skin and fat atrophy. Lederspan states in addition that the dosing interval should not be shorter than four…

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