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Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…small vessels, multivessel disease, bifurcation lesions, treatment of acute myocardial infarction Procedural and mechanical Stent underexpansion, incomplete wall apposition, residual inflow or outflow disease, edge…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…beats per minute. Note that with a paper speed of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…pads if the patient is unstable or at marked risk of arrhythmia. 4. Take a full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, high sensitivity troponin and…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…of product characteristics: Lederspan specifies 10–20 mg periarticularly in bursitis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis and epicondylitis, and Depo Medrol 4–30 mg into a bursa and…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…Q waves and guidelines do not state any ECG criteria specific to R wave progression. Figure 1. Pathological R wave progression is indicative of previous…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ damage Existing cardiac, cerebrovascular, or renal disease The possibility of a…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Lathundar ECG Criteria for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) The diagnosis of STEMI relies on specific electrocardiographic thresholds for ST…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…accumulation of bradykinin. ACE is responsible for metabolizing bradykinin and other tachykinins, such as substance P. When ACE is inhibited, the resulting accumulation of these…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated troponin…

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