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Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and management

…features of Brugada syndrome are fairly specific to the disorder, provided that the clinical characteristics are in line with the disorder. There are however other…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but the differential diagnosis includes oesophagitis, gastritis, a Mallory Weiss tear, a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an aortoenteric…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…the volume, echogenicity and location of the effusion. Regarding the location, an effusion may be general (circumferential) or localized to a specific area. The effusion…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…disorder or known malignancy may suggest specific, nonidiopathic etiologies [2]. Summary of Pain Characteristics The following table synthesizes the key differential diagnoses and their characteristic…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…small vessels, multivessel disease, bifurcation lesions, treatment of acute myocardial infarction Procedural and mechanical Stent underexpansion, incomplete wall apposition, residual inflow or outflow disease, edge…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…beats per minute. Note that with a paper speed of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…pads if the patient is unstable or at marked risk of arrhythmia. 4. Take a full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, high sensitivity troponin and…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…risk of skin and fat atrophy. Lederspan states in addition that the dosing interval should not be shorter than four weeks . Mix the corticosteroid and…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…Q waves and guidelines do not state any ECG criteria specific to R wave progression. Figure 1. Pathological R wave progression is indicative of previous…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of…

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