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Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…small vessels, multivessel disease, bifurcation lesions, treatment of acute myocardial infarction Procedural and mechanical Stent underexpansion, incomplete wall apposition, residual inflow or outflow disease, edge…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…In the vast majority of cases, the re entry circuit in atrial flutter is located in the right atrium and it typically loops around the…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…pads if the patient is unstable or at marked risk of arrhythmia. 4. Take a full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, high sensitivity troponin and…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…injection has gone to the right place — immediate pain relief is a diagnostic finding — and appears to reduce the risk of a post injection flare…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…Q waves and guidelines do not state any ECG criteria specific to R wave progression. Figure 1. Pathological R wave progression is indicative of previous…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ damage Existing cardiac, cerebrovascular, or renal disease The possibility of a…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Lathundar ECG Criteria for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) The diagnosis of STEMI relies on specific electrocardiographic thresholds for ST…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…transient swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues, most frequently involving the face, lips, tongue, and upper airway. Due to the risk of airway compromise…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…the chest and may extend to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen, or epigastrium. Dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, fatigue, faintness, and other symptoms…

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