…reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of…

…blood tests and other radiological examinations are most often required, in particular computed tomography (DT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomy of the pericardium…

Procedurer A corticosteroid injection into soft tissue gives rapid but time limited pain relief and rarely alters the natural history of the disease. In lateral…

…with acute coronary syndrome, randomized evidence has demonstrated lower rates of access site bleeding, surgical repair, and blood transfusion with radial access. Radial access has…

…involvement Coexisting multivessel disease The extent of jeopardized myocardium Left ventricular systolic function Diabetes and other comorbidities Anatomical complexity and completeness of possible revascularization A…

…elevated blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ damage Existing cardiac, cerebrovascular, or renal disease The possibility of…

…CKD also worsens the prognosis of established CVD. Mechanisms linking CKD to cardiovascular disease The association is mediated by both traditional and kidney specific pathways…

…relevant in adults with elevated blood pressure (BP), in whom absolute cardiovascular risk varies considerably according to age and the presence of concomitant risk factors…

…and hyperthyroidism Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, with increased risk of hypotension in patients with autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia, or severe coronary or valvular disease Recent…

…blood pressure despite multidrug treatment rather than through specific symptoms. The clinical importance lies in its association with: Increased cardiovascular disease risk; Greater risk of…