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Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…patient to recite the months of the year backwards. A normal result does not exclude delirium, however, and an abnormal result is not specific to…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…length Large thrombotic burdens increase procedural risk because thrombus can fragment, embolize to other coronary branches or vascular beds, propagate through gaps between stent struts…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…This is due to the fact that atrial flutter is caused by a macro re entry circuit (a large re entry circuit) and re entry…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other ECG patterns suggesting acute coronary occlusion are time dependent conditions. The decision on immediate reperfusion is based…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint prosthesis in the adjacent joint. Known hypersensitivity to the…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…for pathological R wave progression is considerably lower than pathological Q waves and guidelines do not state any ECG criteria specific to R wave progression…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…are more prevalent in women. Chronic kidney disease and several other comorbidities also contribute to the disproportionate cardiovascular burden in women. Depression and anxiety are…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…present Factors that may be contributing to elevated blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ damage Existing cardiac…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…aVR and often V1, and does not correspond to a specific coronary anatomic distribution [4, 5]. In contrast to acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis lacks prominent…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…is thought to involve the sensitization of sensory nerve endings due to the accumulation of bradykinin. ACE is responsible for metabolizing bradykinin and other tachykinins…

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