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Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…beats per minute. Note that with a paper speed of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…pads if the patient is unstable or at marked risk of arrhythmia. 4. Take a full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, high sensitivity troponin and…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…of product characteristics: Lederspan specifies 10–20 mg periarticularly in bursitis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis and epicondylitis, and Depo Medrol 4–30 mg into a bursa and…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…Q waves and guidelines do not state any ECG criteria specific to R wave progression. Figure 1. Pathological R wave progression is indicative of previous…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ damage Existing cardiac, cerebrovascular, or renal disease The possibility of a…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…X linked or other non autosomal dominant mechanisms. Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope and duration of family surveillance…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…adults with elevated blood pressure (BP), in whom absolute cardiovascular risk varies considerably according to age and the presence of concomitant risk factors. In contrast…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…accumulation of bradykinin. ACE is responsible for metabolizing bradykinin and other tachykinins, such as substance P. When ACE is inhibited, the resulting accumulation of these…

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