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Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…the US and many other countries, a 2:1 block will be difficult to discern because the flutter wave may fuse with the preceding T…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…NSTEMI and unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes of first medical…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…a sufficient effect. Contraindications Absolute: Cellulitis, a skin wound or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…for pathological R wave progression is considerably lower than pathological Q waves and guidelines do not state any ECG criteria specific to R wave progression…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…Female specific and female predominant risk factors Risk assessment should include reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…pressure attributable to a specific, identifiable underlying cause. It should be considered in every patient with newly diagnosed or referred hypertension, with particular vigilance when…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…Criteria for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) The diagnosis of STEMI relies on specific electrocardiographic thresholds for ST segment elevation measured at the J point…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…cough is primarily clinical and relies on the temporal association of the cough with the medication. Specific diagnostic criteria for cough hypersensitivity syndrome are lacking…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated troponin, so biomarker interpretation must be integrated with the clinical…

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