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Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…or other major adverse cardiovascular events. Complete revascularization is therefore considered an important therapeutic objective, particularly in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and/or MVD…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…deciding whether an intermediate lesion should be revascularized. Coronary pressure assessment is consequently recommended to complement ICA, particularly for intermediate non left main coronary stenoses…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural ischaemia. The resulting abnormalities in left ventricular function may lead to myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is needed for management. Cryoglobulinaemia…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…Left ventricular systolic function Diabetes and other comorbidities Anatomical complexity and completeness of possible revascularization A proximal lesion jeopardizes more myocardium than a distal lesion…

Coronary Anomalies and Myocardial Bridging

…atherosclerotic burden should be considered and treated in the same broad category as a patient with coronary artery disease when clinically appropriate. Other coronary anomalies…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Patients frequently have concomitant coronary, cerebrovascular or other peripheral arterial disease, and management should therefore address the entire arterial circulation. PAD is associated with increased…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…MINOCA is not a definitive disease diagnosis. It is a descriptive and provisional classification that should trigger further investigation. The underlying mechanism may be coronary…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…be dislodged by: Balloon inflation Atherectomy Stent implantation Manipulation of friable SVG lesions Embolic debris obstructs the distal microcirculation and may be accompanied by microvascular…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled. The temporal relationship to stent implantation should always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich…

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