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ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…with marked tolerance. The most important measures in severe or complicated withdrawal are: 1. A benzodiazepine in a sufficient and repeated dose , titrated against clinical…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…physiological criteria supporting revascularization. In less severe coronary disease, PCI generally offers more rapid recovery and lower initial morbidity than CABG, with lower stroke rates…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…acute severe mitral regurgitation, and other mechanical complications. Shock occurs more often when the coronary artery is completely occluded and is particularly associated with MVD…

Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

…infarction (STEMI). This may not always be simple, because both conditions bring about severe chest pain and ST elevations on the ECG. However, as we…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…and cerebral involvement. Catecholamine excess and drug related presentations Severe hypertension may result from phaeochromocytoma, monoamine oxidase inhibitor crisis, cocaine intoxication, or other sympathomimetic exposure…

Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Cellular changes, ECG and symptoms

…These two measures – i.e switching to anaerobic metabolism and discontinuing the contractions – enables the myocardium to endure 20 to 30 minutes of severe ischemia…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…an inhaled short acting β2 agonist, ipratropium in more severe attacks, and a systemic steroid given early [2,3]. Grading Grade the severity by the…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…severity of the symptoms governs the emergency treatment Severe symptoms The following symptoms indicate hyponatraemic encephalopathy and warrant immediate treatment in the absence of another…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…up of unexplained iron, B12 or folate deficiency when blood tests are insufficient. Contraindications Severe coagulopathy or ongoing anticoagulation — correct this first . Thrombocytopenia, by contrast…

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