…Hypertension with an adrenal incidentaloma Hypertension associated with sleep apnoea Hypertension with atrial fibrillation in the absence of an underlying structural cardiac explanation Early onset…

…On the other hand, sinus bradycardia developing during physical exercise is considered abnormal, because heart rate must increase during exercise. Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias The…

…one pathway of platelet activation, its antiplatelet effect is relatively limited compared with agents that inhibit other platelet pathways. The distinction between primary and secondary…

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

…ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as the primary energy source…

…a therapeutic objective. LDL C as the primary treatment target Current lipid management frameworks place LDL C at the centre of treatment. Lifestyle intervention is…

…unavailable in primary care. Before investigating secondary causes, pseudo resistance must be excluded. This includes: Poor adherence to antihypertensive treatment White coat hypertension Other contributors…

…endpoint. The cardiovascular benefits of cessation extend across primary and secondary prevention. Observational evidence indicates that cessation lowers the risk of peripheral artery disease, myocardial…

…table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above…

…primary PCI if the total expected time is 120 minutes or less If PCI cannot be performed within 120 minutes Fibrinolysis within 10 minutes of…