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Foreign body in the ear and nose

…distress Organic material (peas, beans) The same day — it swells when moist Sharp objects The same day Plastic bead, stone, toy Within a day or…

Doppler effect and Doppler echocardiography

…Objects moving away from the transducer will generate reflections with lower frequency. Doppler shift The Doppler effect is utilized to calculate velocity and direction of…

Physics of ultrasound

…a physical medium. This medium may consist of any matter, e.g air, water, metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI. QTc prolongation The QT (QTc) interval may be prolonged, shortened or…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood…

🟠 Ticagrelor (Brilinta, Brilique)

…treatment with ticagrelor. Caution is advised for patients with hyperuricemia or gout. Use of ticagrelor is discouraged in patients with uric acid nephropathy. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…from: Incomplete penetrance of a variant inherited from a parent. A de novo variant. Less commonly, autosomal recessive inheritance. X linked or other non autosomal…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…and the magnitude of LDL C reduction. Thus, even a modest absolute reduction may be clinically important in individuals at high or very high risk…

Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Cellular changes, ECG and symptoms

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…lead ECG within 10 minutes. 3. Attach defibrillator pads if the patient is unstable or at marked risk of arrhythmia. 4. Take a full blood…

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