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Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…Ischemic cardiomyopathy Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy Non compaction cardiomyopathy Peripartum cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy secondary to valvular heart disease Long term prognosis…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…a)] Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Chylomicrons and other triglyceride rich particles Thus, non HDL C provides a broader estimate of atherogenic cholesterol than LDL…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…Less commonly, autosomal recessive inheritance. X linked or other non autosomal dominant mechanisms. Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…used in adults aged ≥70 years. SCORE2 OP accounts for the competing risk of death from non cardiovascular causes, an important consideration in older populations…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…Non HDL C and apoB are secondary targets or risk refining measures, particularly in patients with: Diabetes or other cardiometabolic risk factors Obesity Insulin resistance…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…or a non healing distal ulcer. Before compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10…

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Current Recommendations

…only one pathway of platelet activation, its antiplatelet effect is relatively limited compared with agents that inhibit other platelet pathways. The distinction between primary and…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…stroke; symptoms suggesting current or recent cerebral ischaemia; known CAD, PAD, or other atherosclerotic disease; diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors; smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, certain other tachyarrhythmias predispose to…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…hypertension. Developing and non Western countries rarely display the blood pressure trajectories and high prevalence of hypertension that is ubiquitous in high income Western countries…

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