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Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall is biologically active…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the coronary ostia, and acquiring multiple angiographic…

Biventricular hypertrophy ECG and clinical characteristics

…occurs in LVH. Deep S wave in V5 or V6 ( 6 mm) Large RS complexes in multiple leads P pulmonale Figure 1. ECG changes seen…

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Current Recommendations

…upper gastrointestinal disease Hepatic or renal disease Multiple cardiovascular risk factors Concomitant nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs Corticosteroid therapy Other antiplatelet or antithrombotic drugs Selective serotonin…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…of multiple modest dietary changes. Mediterranean type diets provide polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil, fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes; unsaturated fatty acids and other…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…positive hyperacute T waves [15]. Profound ST elevation across multiple leads generally indicates very severe ischemia [15]. A key distinguishing feature of ischemic ST elevation…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…whereas other conventional coronary risk factors may be absent. The condition is more prevalent in Japan and South Korea than in Western populations, and multiple…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…Combination therapy with multiple antihypertensives is often necessary to normalize blood pressure. Management of hypertension requires careful consideration of other cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting…

Lumbar puncture

…or non diagnostic CT. Suspected neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…with multiple myeloma and renal disease are particularly susceptible. The risk is also greater when several predisposing factors coexist, rather than being determined by contrast…

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