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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre…

ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

…or sudden cardiac death. The resulting extensive ischemia causes immediate myocardial stunning (akinesia) and electrical instability. Fewer than 1% of patients with ST elevation myocardial…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…in the elderly, as compared to younger individuals. Sensitivity, on the other hand, appears to be similar. Exercise stress testing and revascularization (PCI, CABG) Stress…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…

Blood Pressure Targets in Older and Frail Adults

…or worsen with illness, treatment, or other interventions. Frailty commonly overlaps with multimorbidity and is frequent in patients with cardiovascular disease, including heart failure and…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other ECG patterns suggesting acute coronary occlusion are time dependent conditions. The decision on immediate reperfusion is based…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…ranges from symptom free presentation to persistent chest discomfort, cardiac arrest, electrical or haemodynamic instability, and cardiogenic shock. ACS is distinct from myocardial infarction (MI…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…other adverse comorbidity. The classification of acute PE comprises four clinically useful groups: High risk PE , also termed massive PE, is defined by haemodynamic instability…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…hypovolaemia, cardiac dysfunction, haemodynamic instability, anaemia and other nephrotoxic exposures may contribute to tubular injury, making attribution to contrast alone difficult. In patients with normal…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…the ICU. Post resuscitation care requires expertise and resources to diagnose, monitor and manage neurological injuries, hemodynamic and respiratory instability, multiorgan failure, infections, seizures and…

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