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Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and myocardial injury. This classification is central to determining the intensity of monitoring, supportive treatment, anticoagulation…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…Gufoni manoeuvre for treatment. Contraindications Absolute: Unstable cervical spine injury, recent cervical spine surgery, atlantoaxial instability, severe rheumatoid arthritis of the neck. Symptomatic carotid stenosis…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right…

Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

…transmural ischemia. On the other hand, leads V1–V3 (occasionally V4) may detect the injury currents and present them as ST segment depressions. These depressions…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only by the epicardial obstruction but also by the vulnerability of the…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated…

Coronary Anomalies and Myocardial Bridging

…artery is less common but more malignant than an anomalous right coronary artery. Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery can result…

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without ST elevations on 12-lead ECG

…ECG. These situations are as follows: Transmural ischemia located in the posterolateral portion of the left ventricle . Transmural ischemia located in the right ventricle . Both…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

Njurmedicin Lathundar Acute management on call Acute kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…laboratory medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia…

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