…can change before creatinine but is not a pure marker of filtration. Oliguria may be due to hypovolaemia, shock, obstruction or advanced renal injury. Conversely…

…Risk of acute kidney injury increases when combined with ACE inhibitors. Corticosteroids and other NSAIDs: Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when combined with acetylsalicylic acid…

…due to mechanisms other than myocardial ischaemia. Acute myocardial injury may arise from conditions such as sepsis, myocarditis, or takotsubo syndrome, while chronic myocardial injury…

…spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open the airway. Figure 1. Methods to…

…ECG changes and symptoms. Troponins and other biomarkers of myocardial necrosis (infarction) Myocardium can endure 20 to 30 minutes of complete ischemia. After this period…

…transmural ischemia. On the other hand, leads V1–V3 (occasionally V4) may detect the injury currents and present them as ST segment depressions. These depressions…

…combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow…

…acute HMOD, although other guidance emphasizes that no single BP threshold is diagnostically sufficient: the presence of ongoing acute organ injury is decisive. The pathophysiology…

…sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents Catheter ablation Critical illness Defibrillator shocks Strenuous exercise Cardiac contusion The diagnosis should therefore distinguish isolated myocardial injury from…

…test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds to a minute or so…