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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…A single central feature is enough to proceed with urgent investigation , and a normal CT of the brain does not exclude an infarction in the…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…Other leads Greater than or equal to 1 mm These criteria for the other leads apply in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy or left…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…superimposed on the patient's baseline cardiovascular state. For instance, a patient with stable CAD may present with clinical manifestations of myocardial ischaemia following an…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…prediction tool currently exists. At the other end, roughly two thirds of ICDs implanted for reduced LVEF never deliver an appropriate shock, so the false…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…if there is suspicion of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…often missed. On medical and geriatric wards a substantial proportion of older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high after hip fracture, major…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…Stent fracture or collapse Residual edge dissection Incomplete lesion preparation Persistent stenosis within the treated segment Mechanical factors are particularly important because correction of the…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…crush technique, stent fracture or collapse Lesion specific angiographic features Residual dissection at a stent margin, impaired flow into or out of the stent, stent…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…approach is recommended in this setting unless other findings justify urgent intervention. Risk scores Several risk scores integrate clinical, ECG, and biomarker variables. Risk s

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