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Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…acute HMOD, although other guidance emphasizes that no single BP threshold is diagnostically sufficient: the presence of ongoing acute organ injury is decisive. The pathophysiology…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…of the clinical presentation and other findings. A reduced CFR may occur with angiographically insignificant epicardial disease because of abnormalities in the coronary resistance vessels…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…cell recruitment, extracellular matrix remodelling, and thrombosis interact to produce focal arterial lesions. Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…stenosis have no focal neurological symptoms. Asymptomatic disease may be discovered during targeted duplex ultrasound (DUS), pre operative assessment, or evaluation of other atherosclerotic disease…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…Ménière's disease, TIA and arrhythmia, among others. Acute severe balance disturbance without nystagmus: HINTS does not apply. Assess gait and truncal stability and investigate…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…alcohol, a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the…

Lumbar puncture

…blood cultures. For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression, papilloedema or new focal neurological signs — CT is performed first. Preparation…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…Seizures later than this, focal seizures or status epilepticus should raise strong suspicion of another or an additional cause [1]. Delirium tremens most often begins…

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