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Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…institutional practice. Complications are more frequent during PCI than during purely diagnostic angiography. Elective PCI has reported mortality of 0.1–0.3%, large myocardial…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…myocardial infarction is the most severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic…

🟠 HAS-BLED Score Calculator

…Moreover, the HAS BLED score has been found to be predictive of intracranial hemorrhage, which is considered the most devastating complication related to anticoagulation use.

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…that of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…often necessary to normalize blood pressure. Management of hypertension requires careful consideration of other cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting conditions. Therapy must be tailored to…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…hours ( Soar et al ). The causes of death among these patients are complications related to PACS: 60% die from neurological injuries. 30% die from hemodynamic…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…revascularization, while avoiding unnecessary procedural complications and bleeding in those at lower risk or in whom the hazards of revascularization outweigh its potential benefit. A…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…and limb threatening complications. Among patients with established peripheral artery disease, those who stop smoking have approximately twice the five year survival of those who…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…chadsva] The CHA₂DS₂ VA score has superseded the CHA₂DS₂ VASc score. As of 2025, it is recommended to use the CHA₂DS₂ VA score for stroke…

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