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Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiology Evaluation and management of stable coronary artery disease Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) Stable coronary artery disease (CAD), frequently referred to as stable angina pectoris…

Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management

ECG Evaluation and management of stable coronary artery disease Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) Stable coronary artery disease (CAD), frequently referred to as stable angina pectoris…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling pH An urgent ventilatory problem Focal chest pain or unilaterally reduced breath sounds…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…emerged, emphasizing the putative role of sensitized sensory nerve endings and afferent neural pathways in causing chronic refractory cough, akin to chronic neuropathic pain. This…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Chronic limb threatening ischaemia CLTI occurs when resting perfusion is insufficient to meet the basal nutritional requirements of tissue. Typical symptoms include: Ischaemic rest pain…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…4,6]. This is a general principle, not a universal target. Chronic hypertension shifts autoregulation in the brain and kidneys towards higher pressures. Too rapid…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…monitoring — the patient cannot feel pressure injury Peripheral neuropathy of other cause As above Severe pain Titrate the pressure up gradually Rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…Manifestations include angina, other chest discomfort, dyspnoea, or no symptoms. Although chronic coronary disease may remain stable for prolonged periods, it can progress or destabilize…

De-escalation and Shortened Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients at High Bleeding Risk

…chronic stable angina include: sudden symptoms occurring at rest or with minimal exertion; symptoms lasting at least 10 minutes unless treated immediately; severe chest pain…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only…

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