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Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…stroke, etc.) as well as cases where the cause does not fall into the other categories. Trauma Cardiac arrest caused by violence, accidents, burns, or…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…cause of acute chest pain but carries a particularly high mortality when diagnosis is delayed. The typical presentation is sudden onset, severe chest, back or…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia, electrocardiographic findings, cardiac biomarkers, imaging, angiography, and, occasionally, pathological examination. Pathologically, infarction represents myocardial cell death caused by prolonged ischaemia…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…underlying cause of cardiac arrest Neurological injuries may cause coma, seizures (myoclonus), stroke, cognitive dysfunction, Parkinsonism, vegetative state, or brain death. The cause of brain…

Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy

…excellent, with the vast majority of patients recovering completely after restoration of sinus rhythm (or any other rhythm with normal ventricular rate and activation). Recovery…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…However, a growing body of science suggests that essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease caused by a complex interplay between genes and environment. Industrialization and…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds to a minute or so, that are provoked by…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination is therefore not sufficient to exclude stroke [3]. Step 1: classify by time…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…or other vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the…

Risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest

…in 1961 by Beck et al in the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA): [...] Of every 10 such victims, the heart in 6 or 7…

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